Cardiac Arrest in Young Adults: Causes, Warning Signs, and Prevention Measures

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Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a relatively uncommon yet alarming occurrence in young  adults. A sudden cardiac attack occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating due to irregular heart rhythms. SCA can strike during physical activity, at rest, or even during sleep.

The most common cause of SCA is faulty electrical signalling in the heart, resulting in a condition known as ventricular fibrillation. These irregular palpitations of the heart's lower chambers prevent proper blood pumping. While the exact underlying heart issues are often unknown, many cases of sudden cardiac death in young people are attributed to genetic or congenital conditions.

To mitigate the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in young people, it is important to identify potential risk factors and take appropriate precautions. Steps may include undergoing regular heart screenings, avoiding certain medications or drugs that could trigger the condition, and adopting a healthy lifestyle with a focus on maintaining a proper weight and engaging in exercise. Read this blog to know more about the warning signs and how to diagnose a sudden cardiac attack at a young age. 

Know the Warning Signs of Cardiac Arrest

Understanding the warning signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest  is essential for proper diagnosis and prevention. Men most commonly report experiencing chest pain, while women often mention shortness of breath. These indicators may manifest up to two weeks before the actual event occurs. Other symptoms may include unexplained wheezing, fainting or dizziness, fatigue, or a rapid heart rate. Some patients may even report flu-like symptoms, making it difficult to report and prevent a sudden cardiac arrest. 

What Causes Causes of Cardiac arrest in Young Adults

Cardiac arrest is primarily caused by irregular heart rhythms known as arrhythmias. In children, cardiac arrest can occur as a result of respiratory arrest caused by choking or drowning. However, in some cases, the specific cause of cardiac arrest remains unknown. In addition to arrhythmias, several other factors can contribute to sudden cardiac arrests:

Coronary Heart Disease: Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle, increasing the risk of a cardiac arrest event.

Congenital Heart Conditions: Some individuals are born with structural abnormalities or defects in the heart, which can disrupt its normal functioning and potentially lead to sudden cardiac arrest.

Heart Structure Changes: Certain diseases or infections can cause alterations in the heart's structure, compromising its ability to pump blood effectively and potentially triggering a cardiac arrest.

Extreme Physical Activity or Blood Loss: Engaging in intense physical exertion or experiencing significant blood loss can strain the heart and increase the risk of a sudden cardiac event.

How is Cardiac Diagnosis Done

Diagnosing heart disease involves a comprehensive evaluation through various tests and examinations. Physicians typically begin by gathering the patient's personal and family medical history, recording current and past symptoms, and conducting laboratory tests, including an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). ECG records the heart's electrical signals, helping to identify abnormalities in its rhythm. Other non-invasive tests, such as echocardiograms and stress tests, can further aid in diagnosing heart conditions. Invasive procedures like cardiac catheterization and angiogram may also be employed to diagnose and sometimes treat heart disease by opening blocked arteries with balloon angioplasty and stent placement. Blood tests are essential for assessing cholesterol levels and other factors that could contribute to heart disease, while X-rays can visualise the heart and blood vessels.

If a general practitioner suspects a person may be at risk of coronary heart disease, they may conduct a risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases, heart attacks, or strokes. This evaluation may be carried out as part of an NHS Health Check program, which aims to identify potential risks and promote early intervention for better heart health.

A sudden cardiac arrest can be fatal if not diagnosed or treated in time. It is therefore important for us to take proactive measures to prevent sudden cardiac death in young individuals. By identifying risk factors, recognizing warning signs, and undergoing regular screenings, we can reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and seeking immediate medical attention for symptoms are also important for preserving heart health. 

Your AstraDM Team

Our team consists of experienced healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, nurses, and other specialists. Our cardiac care unit strives to  provide personalised treatments and unwavering support to patients with various heart conditions.

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